Genetic Brain Disorders

A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a different form of a gene, called a variation, or a change in a gene, called a mutation. Genetic brain disorders specifically affect the development and function of the brain.

Some genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure, such as cigarette smoke. Other disorders are inherited, which means that a mutated gene or group of genes is passed down through a family. Still other disorders are due to a combination of genetic changes and other outside factors. Some examples of genetic brain disorders include leukodystrophies, phenylketonuria, Tay-Sachs disease, and Wilson disease.

Many people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function. These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some are life-threatening.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness. People who have it experience dramatic mood swings. They may go from overly energetic, "high" and/or irritable, to sad and hopeless, and then back again. They often have normal moods in between. The up feeling is called mania. The down feeling is depression.

Bipolar disorder can run in families. It usually starts in late adolescence or early adulthood. If you think you may have it, tell your health care provider. A medical checkup can rule out other illnesses that might cause your mood changes.

Untreated, bipolar disorder can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. However, there are effective treatments: medicines and "talk therapy". A combination usually works best.

Mammography

A mammogram is a special type of X-ray of the breasts. Mammograms can show tumors long before they are big enough for you or your health care provider to feel. Mammograms are recommended every year or two for women older than 40. They are also recommended for younger women who have symptoms of breast cancer or who have a high risk of the disease.

Mammograms are quick and easy. You stand in front of an X-ray machine. The person who takes the X-rays places your breast between two plastic plates. The plates press your breast and make it flat. This may be uncomfortable, but it helps get a clear picture. You will have an X-ray of each breast. A mammogram takes only a few seconds and it can help save your life.

Managed Care

Managed care plans are health insurance plans that contract with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs. These providers make up the plan's network. How much of your care the plan will pay for depends on the network's rules.

Restrictive plans generally cost you less. More flexible plans cost more. There are three types of managed care plans:

* Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) usually only pay for care within the network. You choose a primary care doctor who coordinates most of your care.
* Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) usually pay more if you get care within the network, but they still pay a portion if you go outside
* Point of Service (POS) plans let you choose between an HMO or a PPO each time you need care

Male Breast Cancer

Male breast cancer is rare. It happens most often to men between the ages of 60 and 70. Risk factors for male breast cancer include exposure to radiation, a family history of breast cancer and having high estrogen levels, which can occur with diseases like cirrhosis or Klinefelter's syndrome.

Symptoms of male breast cancer include lumps, changes to the nipple or breast skin, or discharge of fluid from the nipple. Treatment for male breast cancer is usually a mastectomy, which is surgery to remove the breast. Other treatments include radiation, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy.

Malaria

Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. Infected mosquitoes spread it. Malaria is a major cause of death worldwide, but it is almost wiped out in the United States. The disease is mostly a problem in developing countries with warm climates. If you travel to these countries, you are at risk. There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites. The most deadly type occurs in Africa south of the Sahara Desert.

Malaria symptoms include chills, flu-like symptoms, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and jaundice. The disease can be life-threatening. However, you can treat malaria with medicines. The type of medicine depends on which kind of malaria you have and where you were infected.

Malaria can be prevented. When traveling to malaria-prone regions

* See your doctor for medicines that protect you
* Wear insect repellent with DEET
* Cover up
* Sleep under mosquito netting

Shoppen und Jugendliche

T-Shirts, Hosen, Jacken und vieles mehr – Shoppen ist für viele Jugendliche ein Hobby. Doch worauf legen junge Leute Wert? Auf gute Qualität, auf die Marke oder auf einen guten Preis? JOKER-Reporterin Rilana Heiber hat sich mal umgehört.

Roberta Wegert (16) aus Horneburg legt keinen Wert auf Markenkleidung. „Ich sehe nicht ein, wieso ich so viel Geld für ein T-Shirt ausgeben sollte, wenn auch billigere Sachen gut aussehen“, meint sie. Wichtig ist für sie, dass ihr die Klamotten toll stehen und nicht welches Label auf der Kleidung zu lesen ist.

Finja Kraft aus Steinkirchen sieht das anders. Der 16-Jährigen gefällt es, Markenkleidung zu tragen. „Aber natürlich nur, wenn es schön aussieht“, sagt sie.

Cosmetics

Cosmetics are products you apply to your body to clean it, make it more attractive or change the way it looks. They include

* Hair dyes
* Makeup
* Perfumes
* Skin-care creams

Products such as dandruff shampoo, fluoride toothpaste and antiperspirant deodorant are both cosmetics and drugs. A good way to tell if you're buying a cosmetic that is also a drug is to see if the first ingredient listed is an "active ingredient." The active ingredient is the chemical that makes the product effective, and the manufacturer must have proof that it's safe for its intended use. To find out all the ingredients in a cosmetic you use, check the container. Manufacturers are required to list them. Labels such as "natural" and "hypoallergenic" have no official meaning. Companies can use them to mean whatever they want.

MRI Scans

Magnetic resonance imaging uses a large attraction and radio waves to look at organs and structure within your body. Health care professional use MRI scans to diagnose a variety of situation, from torn ligaments to tumor. MRIs are very useful for investigative the brain and spinal cord.

During the scan, you lie on a table that slides within a tunnel-shaped machine. Doing the scan can take a long time, and you must stay still. The scan is effortless. The MRI machine makes a lot of noise. The technician may offer you earplugs.

Before you get a scrutinize, tell your doctor if you

* Are expectant

* Have pieces of metal in your corpse. You might have metal in your body if you have a shrapnel or bullet wound or if you are a welder

* Have electronic plans in your body, such as a cardiac pacesetter

Minerals

Minerals are significant for your body to stay healthy. Your body uses minerals for many dissimilar jobs, including building bones, making hormones and modifiable your heartbeat.

There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace natural resources. Macrominerals are minerals your body needs in larger amount. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur. Your body needs just small amount of trace minerals. These contain iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium.

The best way to get the minerals your body wants is by eating a wide diversity of foods. In some cases, your doctor may advocate a mineral addition.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Creutzfeldt-Jakob illness is a rare, degenerative brain disorder. Symptoms typically start around age 60. Memory harms, behavior changes, vision harms and poor muscle coordination progress rapidly to dementia, coma and death. Most patients die within a year.

The three main category of CJD are

* sporadic CJD, which occurs for no recognized reason

* hereditary CJD, which runs in family

* acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with impure tissue, usually during a medical procedure

Cattle can get an illness related to CJD called bovine spongiform encephalopathy or "mad cow illness." It is possible that populace can get a variation of CJD from eating beef from an impure animal.

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration or age-related macular degeneration is an important cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and elder. It is a illness that destroys your sharp, inner vision. You need central vision to see things clearly and to do tasks such as analysis and driving.

AMD affect the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine feature. It does not hurt, but it cause cells in the macula to die. In some cases, AMD advance so slowly that people take in little change in their vision. In others, the disease progress faster and may lead to a loss of vision in both eyes. Regular comprehensive eye exam can detect macular collapse before the disease causes vision loss. Treatment can measured vision loss. It does not renovate vision.

Types of carbohydrates

There are two major types of carbohydrates:

* Complex carbohydrates

* Simple carbohydrates

Complex Carbohydrates:

Starch and dietary fiber be the two types of complex carbohydrates. Starch must be broken down during digestion before your body can use it as a glucose source. Quite a few foods have starch and dietary fiber such as breads, cereals, and vegetables:

* Photos of diverse types of foods Starch is in certain vegetables.

* Starch is besides found in breads, cereals, and grains.

* Dietary fiber is in vegetables, fruits, as well as whole grain foods.

Simple Carbohydrates:

Simple carbohydrates contain sugars found naturally in foods such as fruits, vegetables milk, and milk products. Simple carbohydrates also contain sugars added during food processing and refining. In common, foods with added sugars have fewer nutrients than foods among naturally-occurring sugars.

Carbohydrates

Your body use carbohydrates to make glucose which is the fuel that gives you energy and helps keep all going.

Your body can use glucose instantly or store it in your liver and muscles for when it is wanted.

You can find carbohydrates in the following:

* photos of different types of foodsFruits

* Vegetables

* Breads, cereals, and other grains

* Milk and milk products

* Foods containing added sugars

Healthier foods higher in carbohydrates include ones that supply dietary fiber and whole grains as well as those without additional sugars.

What about foods higher in carbohydrates such as sodas and candies that also have added sugars? Those are the ones that add extra calories but not several nutrients to your diet.

Railways

Rail transport is the transport of passengers and supplies by means of wheeled vehicles particularly designed to run down railways.

A railway/railroad track consists of two parallel iron rails, usually anchored vertical to beams, termed sleepers or ties, concrete, or steel to keep a steady space apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are generally then placed on a base made of concrete or condensed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast to stop the track from buckling as the ground settles over time below and under the weight of the vehicles passing above. The vehicles traveling on the rails are arranged in a train; a string of individual powered or unpowered vehicles connected together, displaying markers.

Computer networking

Computer networking is the business discipline anxious with communication between computer systems. Such communicate systems comprise a computer network and these networks generally involve at least two devices able of being networked with at least one usually being a computer. The devices can be separated by a small number of meters or nearly unlimited distances. Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications, and sometimes of computer science, information technology and computer engineering. Computer networks rely a lot upon the abstract and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines.

A computer network is any set of computers connected to each other. Examples of networks are the Internet, a wide area network that is the largest to always exist, or a little home local area network (LAN) with two computers connected with standard networking cables connecting to a network interface card in each computer.